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See below for Map of Spanish regions

The Flag of Spain (Aragonese-Catalan)

The heiress of Aragón married the Count of Barcelona, and the gold shield of the latter was adopted by the kingdom. After a battle, however, Ramón Berenguer, Count of Barcelona, wiped his bloody fingers down the shield and thereafter it became "Or with four pales gules" (gold with four red stripes). n.b. Ramon = Berenguer IV (1101-1130) married Doña Petronila

The Reconquista ( the Spanish Reconquest):

The early Reconquista was not, in actuality, a religious war. Regional Warlords, both Christian and Moslem, Franks and Spaniards: Basques, Castilians, Navarrese, etc., etc., all warring amongst and between themselves and repeatedly changing sides, for one central purpose: to expand their personal holdings. It was convoluted and constantly in flux. When it came to land, religion didn't count all that much. Pamplona with it's native Navarrese (Basques) is a typical example:

• 800 - Iñigo (Basque) took Pamplona from it's Carolingian governor. Married a daughter to Garcia Galindez (Aragón) and one to Musa ibn Musa (Banu Qasim clan) his half-brother.
• 824 - Count Aznar of Jaca (Carolingian) failed to take Pamplona.
• 905 - Sancho Garcés I (elected King of Navarra) defeated Muslims, married his daughter to Fernán of Castile.
• 924 - Cordoban caliph `Abd are-Rahman III destroyed town. (Christians rebuilt it)
• 1084 - Sancho Ramírez V drove Muslims out, merged Navarra with Aragón.
• 1234 - Teobaldo I (Champagne - France) became King when Sancho Vii el Fuerte died without issue.
• 1276 - riots destroyed large parts of the City. Almost completely destroyed the Jewish aljama. The Knights Hospitaller's lost their San Miguel enclave, a separate jurisdiction.
• 1329 - Nominally independent, ruled by Evreux family (House of Foix). n.b. Pamplona had French, Jewish, Basque, Gascon, and Mudéjar neighborhoods alongside each other. They got along like a sack of cats. They ringed themselves with walls and towers to to keep their neighbors at bay. Each barrio had its own laws, customs, and even language. They fought amongst themselves almost continuously from the 11th through the 15th centuries. This is the major reason so few early medieval structures survive.
• 1422 - King Carlos III (Navarra) created a single city administration and had the various barrio walls torn down.
• 1512 - Fernando el Católico battered down the walls and forcibly incorporated Navarra into union with Aragón and Castilla (Spain).