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Languages of Spain
| Basque, or euskera. | The Basques, or euskaldun, and their language date to possibly, 75,000 years ago, most certainly to the Neolithic, 8,000 BC to 3,000 BC. |
| Galician- Portuguese: | Galician-Portuguese originated in Galicia at the beginning of the Middle Ages, and was carried by the Christian conquerors to present day Portugal |
| Castilian (Spanish): | Castilian was born in present-day Cantabria, and is closely linked with
Basque. |
| Catalan (Caatala): | Catalan dates to about the middle of 12th century. |
| Occitan (aranès): | Spoken in Val d'Aran, in the Pyrenees. It is a dialect of the Occitan language (Provençal) |
| Caló: | Dialect of the Gypsies of southern Spain. |
| Aragonese: | Navarro-Aragonese is dated to the IXth or Xth century. |
| Asturian (Bable): | Asturian, and several Bable dialects, are spoken throughout the Principality of Asturia. |
| Leonese (Astur-Leonese): | From Asturia, Leonese extends almost into Andalusia... |
Spanish Vocabulary
| Albergue | GuestHouse |
| Arian/ism | Christian Heretics, who denied the divinity of Jesus, and the "Trinity." |
| Caliph | leader of an Islamic polity, regarded as a successor of Muhammad and by tradition always male. |
| Camino | Road |
| Collegiata | A Church whose Abbot presides over a community of both monastic and secular canons. |
| Hospital | Hospyce |
| Iglesia | Church |
| Moors, Moslems | Muslims, Saracens, Islamic |
| Mozarab | Christians living under Moorish rule. From the Arabic "mustaribun." |
| Mudéjar | Moors living under Christian rule |
| Palas | Palace |
| Peregrino/a | Pilgrim |
| Puente | Bridge |
| Puerto | Port, door |
| Real | Royal |
| Reconquista | reconquest |
| Refugio | Hostel |
| Rey | King |
| Reina | Queen |
| San, Santo, Santa | Saint, or holy. |
| Santiago | St. James (Santo Iago) |
| Villa | Town |
Words & Phrases
Basque |
Catalan |
Galician |
| kaixo (hello) |
sí (yes) si us plau (please) què tal? (how are you?) cantar (to sing) cotxe (car) l'home (the man) llengua, llengo (language) mitjanit (midnight) |
polo (chicken) |